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NEWS
Losses in transformers
Release time:
2024-12-26
When the primary winding of the transformer is energized, the magnetic flux generated by the coil flows through the core. Since the core itself is also a conductor, an induced electromotive force occurs in the plane perpendicular to the magnetic field lines. This electromotive force forms a closed loop on the cross-section of the core and generates a current, resembling a vortex, hence it is called "eddy current." This "eddy current" increases the losses in the transformer and causes the core of the transformer to heat up, resulting in an increase in temperature.
When the primary winding of the transformer is energized, the magnetic flux generated by the coil flows through the core. Since the core itself is also a conductor, an electromotive force is induced in the plane perpendicular to the magnetic field lines. This electromotive force forms a closed loop on the cross-section of the core and generates current, resembling a vortex, hence it is called "eddy current." This "eddy current" increases the losses in the transformer and causes the core to heat up, resulting in an increase in the temperature rise of the transformer.
The losses generated by the "eddy current" are referred to as "iron losses." Additionally, a large amount of copper wire is required to wind the transformer, and these copper conductors have resistance. When current flows through, this resistance consumes a certain amount of power, and this portion of the loss often turns into heat, which we call "copper losses." Therefore, the temperature rise of the transformer is mainly caused by iron losses and copper losses.
Due to the existence of iron losses and copper losses in the transformer, its output power is always less than the input power. To describe this, we introduce an efficiency parameter, η = output power / input power.
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